clois

See also: clóis and Clois

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloisid, cloistid,^[1] apparently a conflation of coistid (“is silent, listens”) with clúas (“hearing”). Coistid is a late form of con·túaisi, from Proto-Celtic *tausos (“silent”) (compare Old Irish tóe (“silent”), Welsh taw (“be silent”)), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ws- (“still, silent”) (compare Sanskrit तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm, “silently”). Clos is related to clúas (“hearing, ear”), from Proto-Celtic *kloustā (“hearing, ear”) (compare Welsh clust), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewst- (compare Old English hlyst (“hearing”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).

The past tense forms are suppletive and originally belonged to cluin, itself from Old Irish ro·cluinethar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /klˠɔʃ/
(Aran) IPA^(key): /klɨʃ/^[2]
(Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /kl̪ˠʊʃ/^[3]

Verb

clois (present analytic cloiseann, future analytic cloisfidh, verbal noun cloisteáil, past participle cloiste)

(Munster, parts of Connacht) to hear

Conjugation

conjugation of clois (irregular)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	cloisim	cloiseann tú; cloisir^†	cloiseann sé, sí	cloisimid; cloiseann muid	cloiseann sibh	cloiseann siad; cloisid^†	a chloiseann; a chloiseas / a gcloiseann; a gcloiseas	cloistear
	past	chuala mé; chualas	chuala tú; chualais	chuala sé, sí	chualamar; chuala muid	chuala sibh; chualabhair	chuala siad; chualadar	a chuala / ar chuala*	chualathas
	past habitual	chloisinn / gcloisinn‡‡	chloisteá / gcloisteá‡‡	chloiseadh sé, sí / gcloiseadh sé, sí‡‡	chloisimis; chloiseadh muid / gcloisimis‡‡; gcloiseadh muid‡‡	chloiseadh sibh / gcloiseadh sibh‡‡	chloisidís; chloiseadh siad / gcloisidís‡‡; gcloiseadh siad‡‡	a chloiseadh / a gcloiseadh*	chloistí / gcloistí‡‡
future		cloisfidh mé; cloisfead	cloisfidh tú; cloisfir^†	cloisfidh sé, sí	cloisfimid; cloisfidh muid	cloisfidh sibh	cloisfidh siad; cloisfid^†	a chloisfidh, a chloisfeas / a gcloisfidh, a gcloisfeas	cloisfear
conditional		chloisfinn / gcloisfinn‡‡	chloisfeá / gcloisfeá‡‡	chloisfeadh sé, sí / gcloisfeadh sé, sí‡‡	chloisfimis; chloisfeadh muid / gcloisfimis‡‡; gcloisfeadh muid‡‡	chloisfeadh sibh / gcloisfeadh sibh‡‡	chloisfidís; chloisfeadh siad / gcloisfidís‡‡; gcloisfeadh siad‡‡	a chloisfeadh / a gcloisfeadh*	chloisfí / gcloisfí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go gcloise mé; go gcloisead^†	go gcloise tú; go gcloisir^†	go gcloise sé, sí	go gcloisimid; go gcloise muid	go gcloise sibh	go gcloise siad; go gcloisid^†	—	go gcloistear
subjunctive	past	dá gcloisinn	dá gcloisteá	dá gcloiseadh sé, sí	dá gcloisimis; dá gcloiseadh muid	dá gcloiseadh sibh	dá gcloisidís; dá gcloiseadh siad	—	dá gcloistí
imperative		cloisim	clois	cloiseadh sé, sí	cloisimis	cloisigí; cloisidh^†	cloisidís	—	cloistear
verbal noun		cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint
past participle		cloiste

*indirect relative
† dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Synonyms

cluin (Ulster; parts of Connacht)

Mutation

Mutated forms of *clois*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
clois	chlois	gclois

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clois(t)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 155
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 215, page 111

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /klɔi̯s/

Verb

clois

first-person singular preterite of cloi

Mutation

Mutated forms of *clois*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
clois	glois	nghlois	chlois

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

[1] Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clois(t)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[2] Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 155

[3] Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 215, page 111

[1]

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Welsh

Pronunciation

Verb

Mutation