neco

See also: něco and ñeco

Latin

Etymology

From nec- +‎ -ō (denominative verb suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”).

See also noxius (“harmful”), noceō (“I hurt, harm”), nex (“murder, violent death”) (as opposed to mors), as well as Middle Welsh angheu (“death”), Breton ankou, Old Irish éc, Ancient Greek νέκυς (nékus, “a dead body”) and νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”), Old Persian 𐎻𐎴𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎹 (vi-n-θ-y-t-y /⁠vi-nathayatiy⁠/, “he injures”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nasiieⁱti, “disappears”), 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬎- (nasu-, “corpse”), Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “to disappear, perish”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈne.koː/, [ˈnɛkoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈne.ko/, [ˈnɛːko]

Verb

necō (present infinitive necāre, perfect active necāvī, supine necātum); first conjugation

to kill, murder (especially without physical wounding such as by poison or hunger)
Synonyms: ēnecō, occīdō, interimō, cōnficiō, caedō, obtruncō, percutiō, interficiō, trucīdō, perimō, peragō, dēiciō, iugulō, sōpiō, tollō, absūmō, cōnsūmō

aliquem igni necare ― to kill someone by fire (fire burning)

aliquem ferro necare ― to kill someone by sword
(figuratively) to thwart, check
(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) (transitive) to drown

Conjugation

Conjugation of necō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	necō	necās	necat	necāmus	necātis	necant
	imperfect	necābam	necābās	necābat	necābāmus	necābātis	necābant
	future	necābō	necābis	necābit	necābimus	necābitis	necābunt
	perfect	necāvī	necāvistī, necāstī¹	necāvit, necāt¹	necāvimus, necāmus¹	necāvistis, necāstis¹	necāvērunt, necāvēre, necārunt¹
	pluperfect	necāveram, necāram¹	necāverās, necārās¹	necāverat, necārat¹	necāverāmus, necārāmus¹	necāverātis, necārātis¹	necāverant, necārant¹
	future perfect	necāverō, necārō¹	necāveris, necāris¹	necāverit, necārit¹	necāverimus, necārimus¹	necāveritis, necāritis¹	necāverint, necārint¹
passive	present	necor	necāris, necāre	necātur	necāmur	necāminī	necantur
	imperfect	necābar	necābāris, necābāre	necābātur	necābāmur	necābāminī	necābantur
	future	necābor	necāberis, necābere	necābitur	necābimur	necābiminī	necābuntur
	perfect	necātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	necātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	necātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	necem	necēs	necet	necēmus	necētis	necent
imperfect	necārem	necārēs	necāret	necārēmus	necārētis	necārent
perfect	necāverim, necārim¹	necāverīs, necārīs¹	necāverit, necārit¹	necāverīmus, necārīmus¹	necāverītis, necārītis¹	necāverint, necārint¹
pluperfect	necāvissem, necāssem¹	necāvissēs, necāssēs¹	necāvisset, necāsset¹	necāvissēmus, necāssēmus¹	necāvissētis, necāssētis¹	necāvissent, necāssent¹
passive	present	necer	necēris, necēre	necētur	necēmur	necēminī	necentur
imperfect	necārer	necārēris, necārēre	necārētur	necārēmur	necārēminī	necārentur
perfect	necātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	necātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	necā	—	—	necāte	—
active	future	—	necātō	necātō	—	necātōte	necantō
passive	present	—	necāre	—	—	necāminī	—
passive	future	—	necātor	necātor	—	—	necantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		necāre	necāvisse, necāsse¹	necātūrum esse	necārī	necātum esse	necātum īrī
participles		necāns	—	necātūrus	—	necātus	necandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		necandī	necandō	necandum	necandō	necātum	necātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Descendants

Nearly all with the sense of 'drown'.

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: nec, nicari
- Megleno-Romanian: nec, nicari
- Romanian: îneca, înecare, neca
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: annegare
- Neapolitan: anneà
- Sicilian: annigari, annijari
North Italian:
- Ligurian: negâ
- Lombard: negar, negà
- Piedmontese: nié, nijé
- Venetan: negar
Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: noiier, noier
  - French: noyer
- Anglo-Norman: neier
- Norman: néyaer
- Picard: noéïer
Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: negar
- Occitan: negar, nejar (northern), neiar (Vivaro-Alpine)
Ibero-Romance:
- Portuguese: anegar
- Spanish: anegar
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: annegare, annegai

References

“neco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“neco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
neco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
neco in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to perish in the flames: igni cremari, necari
- to be starved to death (as punishment): fame necari
“neco”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“neco”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray