sumu

From Mandarin 蘇木／苏木 (sūmù), from Mongolian ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu), from Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”). Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”).

sumu (plural sumu or sumus)

1. Alternative form of sum (“Mongolian administrative division”), sometimes used in relation to Inner Mongolia.

• USUM, umus

From Proto-Mongolic *sumun, compare Mongolian сум (sum).

• IPA^(key): /suˈmu/

sumu

1. arrow

From Finnish sumu.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈsumu]
• Rhymes: -umu
• Hyphenation: su‧mu

sumu (genitive sumu, partitive sumu)

1. haze, mist

   Synonym: udu

Declension of sumu (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		sumu	sumud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	sumu
genitive			sumude
partitive		sumu	sumusid
illative		summu sumusse	sumudesse
inessive		sumus	sumudes
elative		sumust	sumudest
allative		sumule	sumudele
adessive		sumul	sumudel
ablative		sumult	sumudelt
translative		sumuks	sumudeks
terminative		sumuni	sumudeni
essive		sumuna	sumudena
abessive		sumuta	sumudeta
comitative		sumuga	sumudega

• sumu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “sumu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

From Proto-Finnic *sumu. Related to sumea, Ingrian sumu, Karelian sumu, Veps sumeg. Possible non-Balto-Finnic cognates include Northern Sami sopmu (probably borrowed from Finnic) and Erzya сув (suv).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈs̠umu]
• Rhymes: -umu
• Hyphenation^(key): su‧mu

sumu

1. fog, mist
2. (astronomy) nebula

• The words sumu, usva and utu all describe "water vapor lightly suspended near the ground", but – strictly speaking – at different degrees. However, they may often be used synonymously with no discretion.
  • Utu describes very light vapor near the ground, especially that occurring in the morning and therefore it is translated usually as "mist" or "haze".
  • Usva describes a bit thicker vapor than utu near the ground, especially when considering the water travelling conditions. Therefore, it is translated usually as "mist", "haze" or "fog".
  • Sumu describes very thick vapor obscuring the visibility near the ground and thus, it is translated usually as "mist" or "fog".

• “sumu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• musu

From Proto-Finnic *sumu. Cognates include Finnish sumu and Livvi sumu.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈs̠umu]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈʃumu]
• Rhymes: -umu
• Hyphenation: su‧mu
• Homophone: šumu

sumu

1. Synonym of tomakka

Declension of sumu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sumu	sumut
genitive	sumun	summuin, sumuloin
partitive	summua	sumuja, sumuloja
illative	summuu	summui, sumuloihe
inessive	sumus	sumuis, sumulois
elative	sumust	sumuist, sumuloist
allative	sumulle	sumuille, sumuloille
adessive	sumul	sumuil, sumuloil
ablative	sumult	sumuilt, sumuloilt
translative	sumuks	sumuiks, sumuloiks
essive	sumunna, summuun	sumuinna, sumuloinna, summuin, sumuloin
exessive1)	sumunt	sumuint, sumuloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

sumu

1. Rōmaji transcription of すむ

sumu

1. inflection of sum:
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

From Arabic سُمّ (summ).

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

sumu class IX (plural sumu class X)

1. poison
2. venom

• → Kikuyu: thumu

Likely through Proto-Ternate-Tidore, from Malay sumur or Javanese ꦱꦸꦩꦸꦂ (sumur), both from Old Javanese sumur.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mu/

sumu

1. a well

• → Galela: sumu
• → Loloda: sumu
• → Tobelo: humu (Heleworuru, Boeng)
• → Pagu: sumu
• → Tabaru: sumu

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

sumu

1. tomorrow