Dafa-duka

Dafa-duka
shinkafa
Kayan haɗi	shinkafa, tumatur, Manja, peppercorn (en) , ruwa, vegetable oil (en) , crayfish (en) , seasoning (en) , gishiri da Allium (en)
Tarihi
Asali	Senegal, Najeriya da Ghana
Suna saboda	Wolof people (en)

Dafa-duka (/dʒəˈlɒf/), na shinkafa dafa duka (jollof rice da Turanci), shinkafa ce daga Yammacin Afirka. A girke-girke galibi ana yin shi da shinkafa mai dogon hatsi, tumatir, albasa, kayan yaji, kayan lambu da nama a cikin tukunya guda ɗaya, koda yake kayan aikin sa da hanyoyin shiri sun bambanta a yankuna daban-daban.

Asalin shinkafar jollof za a iya gano ta a yankin Senegambian wanda Wolof ko Jolof Empire ke mulkin a ƙarni na 14, wanda ya mamaye sassan Senegal na yau, Gambiya da Mauritania, inda kuma aka noma shinkafa. Tasa tana da asali a cikin wani abincin gargajiya da ake kira thieboudienne, mai ɗauke da shinkafa, kifi, ƙwarya da kayan lambu.^[1]

Masanin tarihin abinci da aikin gona James C. McCann yayi la'akari da wannan ikirarin mai yiwuwa idan aka yi la’akari da shaharar shinkafa a cikin kwarin Niger ta sama, amma yana ganin ba zai yuwu tasa ta iya yaɗuwa daga Senegal zuwa inda take yanzu tunda ba a ganin irin wannan yaɗuwar a cikin “harshe, tsarin siyasa ko tarihi ".

Maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar cewa tasa ta yaɗu tare da masarautar Mali, musamman masu sana'ar Djula waɗanda suka bazu ko'ina zuwa cibiyoyin kasuwanci da biranen yanki, tare da ɗaukar fasahar tattalin arziƙin "ƙera, ƙaramin sikelin, da agronomy shinkafa" gami da addini. na Musulunci.^[2]

Marc Dufumier, Farfesa Farfesa na Agronomy ya ba da shawarar asalin kwanan nan don faranti, wanda wataƙila ya fito ne sakamakon haɓaka mulkin mallaka na haɓakar gyada mai ƙarfi a tsakiyar Senegal don masana'antar mai ta Faransa, kuma inda ya yi daidai gwargwado a yankin da aka shuka. Abincin gero da na masara na gargajiya an biya diyya ta hanyar shigo da fasa shinkafa daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya.^[3]

Wataƙila daga nan ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankin ta hanyoyin kasuwanci na tarihi, al'adu da addinan tarihi da ke haɗa Senegal da Ghana, Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe, yawancinsu suna ci gaba da bunƙasa a yau, kamar ƙungiyar 'yan uwan ​​Tijjaniyyah Sufi da ke kawo dubban mahajjatan Afirka ta Yamma zuwa Senegal a kowace shekara.

Shinkafar Jollof na ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi sani da shi a Yammacin Afirka. Akwai bambance -bambancen yanki da yawa a cikin suna da kayan masarufi,^[4] alal misali, a Mali ana kiransa zaamè a Bamanankan. Sunan Jollof na yau da kullun ya samo asali ne daga sunan mutanen Wolof,^[5] kodayake a Senegal da Gambia ana kiran tasa a cikin Wolof ceebu jën ko benachin. A yankunan da ake magana da Faransanci, ana kiranta riz au gras. Duk da bambance -bambancen, tasa tana da “fahimtar juna” a duk yankuna kuma ya zama sanannen sanannen abincin Afirka a wajen nahiyar.^{[2][6][7][8][9]}

Shinkafar Jollof a gargajiyance ta ƙunshi shinkafa, man girki, kayan lambu irin su tumatur, albasa, jan barkono, tafarnuwa, ginger da barkono barkono. Don haɓaka launi na tasa, ana ƙara manna tumatir (purée). A matsayin kayan yaji, gishiri, kayan kamshi/cubes (cakuda kayan haɓaka dandano, gishiri, nutmeg da ganye), curry foda da busasshen thyme ana amfani da su. Don haɗa tasa, galibi ana ba da kaza, turkey, naman sa, ko kifi tare da tasa.^[10][11][1]

Kowace ƙasa ta Yammacin Afirka tana da nau'in abinci iri ɗaya, tare da Ghana, Najeriya, Saliyo, Laberiya da Kamaru musamman gasa ga wacce ƙasa ce ta fi yin jollof.^[1] Wannan ya shahara musamman tsakanin Najeriya da ƙasar Ghana,^[12] a fafatawar da aka yiwa lakabi da "Jollof Wars".^[13][14]

Kodayake akwai babban bambanci, ainihin bayanin martabar shinkafar jollof na Najeriya ya haɗa da doguwar shinkafa mai hatsi, tumatir da manna tumatir, barkono, man kayan lambu, albasa, da cubes. Yawancin dafaffen kayan abinci ana dafa su a cikin tukunya ɗaya, wanda wadataccen nama mai nama da soyayyen tumatir da barkono puree na dabi'a shine tushen tushe. Daga nan sai a ƙara shinkafa a bar ta a dafa a cikin ruwa. Daga nan ana ba da tasa tare da furotin ɗin da aka zaɓa kuma galibi tare da soyayyen plantain, moi moi, kayan lambu da aka dafa, coleslaw, salatin, da sauransu.^[15] A cikin yankunan kogin Najeriya inda cin abincin teku shine babban tushen furotin, yawancin abincin teku yana ɗaukar wuri. kaza ko nama a matsayin furotin na zaɓin.

Shinkafar jollof ta Ghana ana yin ta da man kayan lambu, albasa, barkono barkono, cloves na tafarnuwa da aka matse, barkono, tumatir tumatir, naman sa ko naman akuya ko kaji (wasu lokutan ana musanya su da kayan miya), shinkafa na gida ko tattasai da barkono baƙi. Hanyar dafa jollof tana farawa da fara shirya naman sa ko kaza ta hanyar yaji da soya har sai ta dahu sosai.^[16] Sannan ana soya sauran sinadaran gaba ɗaya, ana farawa daga albasa, barkono, manna tumatir, tumatir da kayan ƙanshi a cikin tsari. Bayan an soya dukkan abubuwan da aka haɗa, sai a ƙara shinkafa sannan a dafa har sai an shirya abincin. Yawanci ana ba da jollof na Ghana tare da gefe na naman sa, kaza, soyayyen kifi mai kyau, ko kayan lambu masu gauraye.^[17][18]

Hakanan ana ba da Jollof a Ghana tare da shito, sanannen nau'in barkono wanda ya samo asali daga Ghana, da salati yayin bukukuwa da sauran bukukuwa.^[19]

Tun daga shekarun 2010 ana samun karuwar sha'awar abinci a Yammacin Afirka a yammacin duniya. An gudanar da bukukuwan abinci na Jollof a Washington, DC, a Amurka, da Toronto, Kanada. Tun daga shekarar 2015 a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta ake bikin "Ranar Jollof ta Duniya", inda ta samu karbuwa a shafukan sada zumunta.^[1]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3} Sloley, Patti (7 June 2021). "Jollof Wars: Who does West Africa's iconic rice dish best?". BBC Travel. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} McCann, James C. (2009). A west African culinary grammar". Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine. Ohio University Press. pp. 133–135. ISBN 978-0896802728.
3. ↑ Dufumier, Marc (March 30, 2018). "Recette : le thiéboudiène de Marc Dufumier". Le Monde. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
4. ↑ Ayto, John (2012). "Jollof rice". The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0199640249.
5. ↑ Osseo-Asare, Fran (1 January 2005). Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 33, 162. ISBN 978-0-313-32488-8.
6. ↑ Davidson, Alan (11 August 2014). "Jollof rice". The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press. p. 434. ISBN 978-0-19-967733-7.
7. ↑ Brasseaux, Ryan A.; Brasseaux, Carl A. (1 February 2014). "Jambalaya". In Edge, John T. (ed.). The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 7: Foodways. University of North Carolina Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4696-1652-0.
8. ↑ Anderson, E. N. (7 February 2014). Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture, Second Edition. NYU Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8147-8916-2.^{[permanent dead link]}
9. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News (in Turanci). 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
10. ↑ "Classic Nigerian Jollof Rice Recipe on Food52". Food52 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-27.
11. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News (in Turanci). 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
12. ↑ Oderinde, Busayo. "Busayo Oderinde: The Nigerian Versus Ghanaian Jollof Rice Debate". Bella Naija. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
13. ↑ "Know the Differences Between Nigerian and Ghanaian Jollof Rice". Demand Africa (in Turanci). 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
14. ↑ Adam, Hakeem. "A Brief History of Jollof Rice, a West African Favourite". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
15. ↑ "How to cook Nigerian Jollof Rice". All Nigerian Recipes (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-01-16.
16. ↑ "Ghana: Jollof Rice". The African Food Map. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
17. ↑ Sekibo, Kojo (2020-01-14). "Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe". Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-01-16.
18. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News (in Turanci). 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
19. ↑ Sekibo, Kojo (2020-01-14). "Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe". Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-01-16.