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Ebe A Na edebe Osikapa

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Rice terraces Banaue.jpg

Banaue Rice Terraces (Filipino: Hagdan-hagdang Palayan ng Banawe) bụ mbara ala ndị nna nna ndị Igorot kpụrụ n'ugwu Banaue, Ifugao, na Philippines. A na akpọ mbara ala ndị ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ "Ihe Ijuanya asatọ nke Ụwa". A na-echekarị na e ji obere ngwá ọrụ wuo mbara ala ndị ahụ, karịsịa site n'aka. Oghere ahụ dị ihe dịka mita 1,500 (ụkwụ 4,900) karịa ọkwa oke osimiri. A na enye nri ndị a site na usoro ịgba mmiri n'oge ochie site na oke ọhịa dị n'elu mbara ala. A na ekwu na ọ bụrụ na e mechaa steepụ ndị ahụ ná ngwụcha, ọ ga-agba ọkara nke ụwa gburugburu.

Ndị obodo ahụ ruo taa ka na-akụ osikapa na akwụkwọ nri n'elu mbara ala, n'agbanyeghị na Ifugaos na-eto eto anaghị ahụ ọrụ ugbo na-adọrọ mmasị,[1][2] na-ahọrọkarị maka ụlọ ọrụ ile ọbịa nke na-enye nnukwu ego site na mbara ala. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ mmebi nke nwayọọ nwayọọ nke àgwà "nzọụkwụ", nke chọrọ nrụgharị na nlekọta mgbe niile. N'afọ 2010, nsogbu ọzọ o nwetara bụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ebe mbara ala ndị ahụ na-akpọnwụ kpamkpam na March nke afọ ahụ.

Onye na ahụ maka ụmụ mmadụ bụ Otley Beyer emeela atụmatụ na ala ndị ahụ karịrị afọ 2000, mana ọtụtụ ndị na eme nchọpụta na agbagha nke a ma na ekwu na e wuru ha ogologo oge ka e mesịrị.[3][4] Ka o sina dị, osikapa bụ ihe ọkụkụ ochie nke Philippines, ebe ndị Austronesian na-akwaga n'àgwàetiti ahụ kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala 1500 BCE (afọ 3500 gara aga).[5]

Egwu ndị dị ugbu a na terraces gụnyere nnukwu earthworms ("olang" na Ifugao) nke ụdị Pheretima ma ọ bụ Polypheretima elongata nke a na ebo ebubo maka imebi terraces, yana ụmụ oke nke ụdị Chrotomis mindorensis, na snails.[6][7]

Mmetụta ọdịbendị

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Ubi osikapa Ifugao

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Ebe a na ahụ Banaue Rice Terraces, n'ihe dị ka afọ 1930
Ifugao hogang, mmụọ ndị nche a tụrụ site na ogwe osisi fern na etinye n'okporo ụzọ na mpụga obodo

A na-ahụ ala ndị ahụ n'ógbè Ifugao na ndị Ifugao abụwo ndị na elekọta ya. Ọdịbendị Ifugao na agba gburugburu osikapa, Black Rice kalinayan, na ọdịbendị ahụ na-emepụta ọtụtụ ememe ndị metụtara ememe ọrụ ugbo site na ịkọ osikapa ruo na iri osikapa. Oge owuwe ihe ubi na-akpọkarị oriri ekele, ebe owuwe ihe onwunwe mmechi na eme emume a na akpọ tango ma ọ bụ tungul (ụbọchị ezumike) nke na eweta iwu siri ike na ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla. A na eri Bayah (vine osikapa), achịcha osikapa, na nut betel dịka akụkụ nke ememme ahụ.[8]

Ndị Ifugao na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala na etinye ihe ka ukwuu n'ọrụ ha n'ala ha na ala ọhịa mgbe ha na agbaso oge ụfọdụ iji gbanyụọ mgbọrọgwụ. A makwaara ndị Ifugaos dị ka ndị na azụlite mkpokoro a na eri eri, osisi mkpụrụ osisi, na akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ nke egosila n'etiti ndị Ifugao ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Ihe isi ike nke ịkụ kalinayan na ụdị osikapa ndị ọzọ na ụdị ala n'ebe ndị a na eduga n'iwu ala osikapa nke na agụnye iwu mgbidi na nkume na ala a na-eme iji nweta mmiri site na nnukwu ọwa mmiri n'elu ụyọkọ ala. A chọpụtala teknụzụ osikapa nke ụmụ amaala na ala osikapa Ifugao dị ka ihe ọmụma ha banyere ịgba mmiri, ọrụ nkume, ọrụ ala na mmezi ala. Dị ka isi iyi nke ndụ na nka ha, ala osikapa ahụ akwadowo ma kpụzie ndụ ndị obodo ahụ.

Ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta ihe

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N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2009, e kwupụtara na ala osikapa Ifugao enweghị ihe ndị a gbanwere agbanwe (GMO).[9] A haziri ihe omume na ekwupụta ihe a na Dianara Viewpoint na mmekorita ya na gọọmentị ime obodo na nke ime obodo, Greenpeace, na Miss Earth Foundation.

Aha ihe nketa gọọmentị

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Banaue Rice Terraces na-ezo aka na ụyọkọ dị nso na Banaue poblacion dị ka a na-ahụ site n'echiche. N'adịghị ka nkwenye a ma ama nke itinye ya na akwụkwọ ego pesos iri abụọ, Banaue Rice Terraces abụghị UNESCO World Heritage Site. A gụnyeghị ha na ihe odide UNESCO Rice Terraces nke Cordilleras nke Philippines n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ihe owuwu nke oge a, na eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị ala na ụkpụrụ iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke UNESCO.[10]

Ìgwè ise e dere dị ka akụkụ nke Rice Terraces nke Cordilleras nke Philippines bụ Batad, Bangaan, Hungduan, Mayoyao Central na Nagacadan.[11] Batad na Bangaan nọ n'okpuru ikike nke Obodo Banaue mana a naghị akpọ ha Banaue Rice Terraces.

Gọọmentị Philippine kwupụtara Banaue Rice Terraces dị ka Akụ̀ Dị Mma nke Mba n'okpuru Ifugao Rice Terraces site na Iwu Onye isi ala nke 260 na 1973.[12]Templeeti:Wide image

Njem

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Onye njem nleta na ese foto nke ubi osikapa.

Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ọzọ na aga nke ọma na Banaue Rice Terraces bụ njem nleta.[13] Ụlọ ọrụ njem nleta emeela ọtụtụ ihe omume maka ndị ọbịa nke nwere ike ịgụnye njem nlegharị anya ọdịnala nke terraces na nleta agbụrụ ndị dị n'okpuru terraces. A na atụkwa aro Mumbaki[14] (onye dibịa afa ọdịnala Ifugao) nye ndị ọbịa: ndị dọkịta a nwere ike ịme emume ọgwụgwọ ime mmụọ.[15][16] Otú ọ dị, njem nleta n'ime obodo agbadatala n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga.[17] Otu na enye aka na nke a bụ mmeso ndị njem nleta n'ime ụlọ site n'aka ndị nduzi mpaghara n'ógbè ahụ ebe a kọrọ na ndị nduzi obodo dị njikere ịnabata ndị ọbịa si mba ọzọ. [aha dị mkpa] The Batad Environmental Tour Guides Association (BETGA) na njikọ ya na ndị isi Batad Baranguay na etinye ụzọ simenti ugbu a site na Batad Saddle ruo n'obodo ahụ.

A na-egosipụta ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ n'akụkụ azụ nke usoro New Design otu puku peso nke e bipụtara site na 1991 ruo 2012 yana akụkụ azụ nke New Generation Currency iri abụọ peso nke e biri site na 2010 ruo 2021.

Ebe osikapa ndị ọzọ a ma ama na Ifugao

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Ewezuga ala osikapa Banaue, e nwere ala osikopo anọ ndị ọzọ yiri ya: ala osikọta Batad, ala osikatala Mayoyao, ala osukọta Hapao, na ala osikpere Kiangan.[18][19] Ụdị ala dị na mpaghara ugwu a yiri nke a na eji eme ite ụrọ ma ọ bụ ite ụrọ (nke a na ejikwa eme ihe site na ịgba ụrọ ọkụ). Batad Rice Terraces dị na Barangay Batad na Banaue, ala ndị a yiri ebe egwuregwu. Mayoyao Rice Terraces bụ maka ụdị osikapa a na akpọ "tinawon", ụdị osikọta a na adịghị ahụkebe nke a na akụ n'ụdị uhie na nke ọcha na terraces ndị a.[20] Hapao Rice Terraces dị na Hungduan ma nwee mgbidi nkume site na mmalite nkume Sagada ma laghachi azụ na 650 AD.[21] Kiangan Rice Terraces dị na Banaue, ebe a na-akụ ụdị osikapa nke nagacadan na julungan.

Hụkwa

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  • Osikapa Osikapa nke Cordilleras nke Philippines
  • Njem na Philippines

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Jesus (April 7, 2018). Not just Boracay: Banaue Rice Terraces also need help. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved on February 16, 2019. “Add to that, the loss of interest among the younger generations to farming. They’d rather go down to the cities and try their luck for a more stable income in call centers, real estate and other salary-based careers.”
  2. ↑ Banaue Rice Terraces Pictures, Photos & Facts - Ifugao. famouswonders.com (March 15, 2009). Retrieved on March 30, 2017.
  3. ↑ Cabreza. "For Ifugao rice terraces, age should not matter", Inquirer.net, July 15, 2013. Retrieved on January 29, 2018.
  4. ↑ "Ifugao Rice Terraces may be younger than we think", Rappler, April 29, 2015. Retrieved on January 29, 2018.
  5. ↑ Bellwood (2005). "Australia and the Austronesians", in Scarre: The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 264-305. ISBN 9780500294208. 
  6. ↑ "Giant worms destroying ancient rice terraces", The Telegraph, March 3, 2006. Retrieved on September 21, 2018.
  7. ↑ The brittle Steps to the Sky – T. www.insights-philippines.de. Retrieved on November 10, 2018.
  8. ↑ World Heritage Sites and Schlessinger Media and Templeeti:ISBN
  9. ↑ Ifugao rice terraces are GMO-free--officials. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  10. ↑ Banaue Rice Terrace. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved on September 4, 2014.
  11. ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Retrieved on January 1, 2011.
  12. ↑ Presidential Decree No. 260 August 1, 1973. The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation. Retrieved on September 5, 2014.
  13. ↑ Eighth Wonder of the World. Visit Banaue. Archived from the original on June 2, 2009. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  14. ↑ The Mumbaki. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 29, 2009. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  15. ↑ Tribal rituals cleanse, unite towns. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  16. ↑ "Banaue Rice Terraces, the Eighth Ancient World Wonder?", Tourism on the Edge, August 28, 2012. Retrieved on March 30, 2017.
  17. ↑ Down on Domestic Tourism. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  18. ↑ Banaue Rice Terraces. PhilSite. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  19. ↑ Ifugao Is Famous For.... Wow Philippines. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  20. ↑ Ifugao exports 2.5 tons of 'Tinawon' rice. PIA.gov. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.
  21. ↑ Rice Terraces-Banaue. Luz alma. Retrieved on July 17, 2009.

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:National Cultural Treasures of the PhilippinesTempleeti:Philippine Registry of Cultural Property

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