Edward Said

Edward W Said
Edward W Said
	Prof Edward Said
Kelahiran	Baitulmaqdis
Warganegara	Amerika Syarikat
Pekerjaan	Profesor Bahasa dan Kesusasteraan
Terkenal kerana	Sumbangan kepada Ilmu Kemanusiaan,; Kesusateraan, dan Kajian Orient. ; Buku Orientalisme

Edward Wadie Saïd (Sebutan Arab: [wædiːʕ sæʕiːd] Arab: إدوارد وديع سعيدcode: ar is deprecated , Idwārd Wadīʿ Saʿīd; 1 November 1935 – 25 September 2003) ialah seorang warga negara Amerika Syarikat keturunan Palestin. Beliau merupakan ahli teori penulisan, dan profesor Bahasa Inggeris dan Perbandingan Sastera di Universiti Columbia, Amerika Syarikat. Beliau juga merupakan salah seorang pengasas bidang kritikan pascakolonialisme^[1]

Saïd seorang Palestin yang dilahirkan di Baitulmaqdis, Palestin Bermandat,^[2] dan memegang pasport AS melalui bapanya, seorang Arab Palestin beragama Kristian Protestan yang juga seorang warganegara AS. Said penyokong kuat hak asasi orang Palestin dan digelar suara terkuat bangsa Palestin oleh pengulas dan wartawan, Robert Fisk^[3]

Sebagai seorang pengkritik budaya yang berpengaruh, ahli akademik, dan penulis,^[4]^[5] Edward Saïd amat dikenali sebagai pengarang bukunya Orientalisme (1978), satu analisis kritis terhadap idea-idea yang menjadi asas Orientalisme — kajian tamadun Barat terhadap kebudayaan Timur. ^[6]^[7] Beliau menyaran serta menyatakan bahawa kesarjanaan Orientalis telah, dan masih, berkait kuat dengan masyarakat imperialis yang menjana kajian-kajian tersebut sehinga menjadikan hasil kajian satu kerja politik yang tunduk kepada kuasa, dan dengan itu, dari segi intelek, amat dikhuatiri kewibawaannya.

Dari segi teori, Orientalisme didasarkan atas pengetahuan mendalamnya tentang penulisan kesusasteraan kolonial, seperti cereka yang dikarang Joseph Conrad, serta teori-teori pasca-strukturalisme Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, dan ahli falsafah lain; justeru, Orientalisme, dan karya yang bertema serupa, menjadi berpengaruh dalam bidang-bidang berkaitan ilmu kemanusiaan (humanities), khususnya bidang teori kesusasteraan dan kritikan penulisan. Lebih daripada itu, Orientalisme menjadi sangat berpengaruh dalam bidang kajian Timur Tengah, dalam mana ia mengubah perbincangan kesarjanaan – bagaimana mereka memeriksa, memeri dan mendefinisikan budaya-budaya Timur Tengah.^[8] Sebagai seorang cendekiawan, Edward Saïd bersungguh-sungguh membincang dan membahaskan tajuk-tajuk kebudayaan dalam kajian Orient. Namun demikian, beberapa sarjana tidak bersetuju akan tesisnya dan beliau sering kali berbahas dengan mereka, terutamanya Bernard Lewis, orientalis British–Amerika kelahiran Yahudi.^[9]

Nota

^ Robert Young, White Mythologies: Writing History and the West, New York & London: Routledge, 1990.
^ “Between Worlds”, Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays (2002) p. 556.
^ Robert Fisk, "Why bombing Ashkelon is the most tragic irony", The Independent, 12 December 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
^ Ferial Jabouri Ghazoul, penyunting (2007). Edward Saïd and critical decolonization. American Univ in Cairo Press. m/s. 290–. ISBN 978-977-416-087-5. Dicapai pada 19 November 2011. Edward W. Saïd (1935–2003) was one of the most influential intellectuals in the twentieth century.
^ Zamir, Shamoon (2005), "Saïd, Edward W.", dalam Jones, Lindsay (penyunting), Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, 12, Macmillan Reference USA, Thomas Gale, m/s. 8031–32, SAID, EDWARD W. (1935–2003) is best known as the author of the influential and widely read Orientalism (1978) . . . His forceful defense of secular humanism and of the public role of the intellectual, as much as his trenchant critiques of Orientalism, and his unwavering advocacy of the Palestinian cause, made Said one of the most internationally influential cultural commentators writing out of the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century.
^ Joachim Gentz (2009). "Orientalism/Occidentalism". Keywords re-oriented. interKULTUR, European-Chinese intercultural studies, Volume IV. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. m/s. 41–. ISBN 978-3-940344-86-1. Dicapai pada 18 November 2011. Edward Said’s influential Orientalism(1979) effectively created a discursive field in cultural studies, stimulating fresh critical analysis of Western academic work on 'the Orient'. Although the book itself has been criticized from many angles, it is still considered to be the seminal work to the field.
^ A Franz Kafka encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005. m/s. 212–. ISBN 978-0-313-30375-3. Dicapai pada 18 November 2011. In its current usage, Orient is a key term of cultural critique that derives from Edward W. Said’s influential book Orientalism. Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (bantuan)
^ Stephen Howe, "Dangerous mind?", New Humanist, Vol. 123, November/December 2008
^ Oleg Grabar, Edward Said, Bernard Lewis, "Orientalism: An Exchange", New York Review of Books, Vol. 29, No. 13. 12 August 1982. Accessed 4 January 2010.

[ryoung-1] Robert Young, White Mythologies: Writing History and the West, New York & London: Routledge, 1990.

[2] “Between Worlds”, Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays (2002) p. 556.

[3] Robert Fisk, "Why bombing Ashkelon is the most tragic irony", The Independent, 12 December 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

[Ghazoul2007-4] Ferial Jabouri Ghazoul, penyunting (2007). Edward Saïd and critical decolonization. American Univ in Cairo Press. m/s. 290–. ISBN 978-977-416-087-5. Dicapai pada 19 November 2011. Edward W. Saïd (1935–2003) was one of the most influential intellectuals in the twentieth century.

[5] Zamir, Shamoon (2005), "Saïd, Edward W.", dalam Jones, Lindsay (penyunting), Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, 12, Macmillan Reference USA, Thomas Gale, m/s. 8031–32, SAID, EDWARD W. (1935–2003) is best known as the author of the influential and widely read Orientalism (1978) . . . His forceful defense of secular humanism and of the public role of the intellectual, as much as his trenchant critiques of Orientalism, and his unwavering advocacy of the Palestinian cause, made Said one of the most internationally influential cultural commentators writing out of the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century.

[Gentz2009-6] Joachim Gentz (2009). "Orientalism/Occidentalism". Keywords re-oriented. interKULTUR, European-Chinese intercultural studies, Volume IV. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. m/s. 41–. ISBN 978-3-940344-86-1. Dicapai pada 18 November 2011. Edward Said’s influential Orientalism(1979) effectively created a discursive field in cultural studies, stimulating fresh critical analysis of Western academic work on 'the Orient'. Although the book itself has been criticized from many angles, it is still considered to be the seminal work to the field.

[Gray2005-7] A Franz Kafka encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005. m/s. 212–. ISBN 978-0-313-30375-3. Dicapai pada 18 November 2011. In its current usage, Orient is a key term of cultural critique that derives from Edward W. Said’s influential book Orientalism. Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (bantuan)

[newhumanist-8] Stephen Howe, "Dangerous mind?", New Humanist, Vol. 123, November/December 2008

[9] Oleg Grabar, Edward Said, Bernard Lewis, "Orientalism: An Exchange", New York Review of Books, Vol. 29, No. 13. 12 August 1982. Accessed 4 January 2010.

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