Ravnotežno stanje (termodinamika)
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Termodinamička ravnoteža, je stanje termodinamičkog sistema u kome je on u termičkoj, mehaničkoj i hemijskoj ravnoteži. Stanje sistema u ravnoteži određeno je funkcijama stanja. Funkcije stanja može biti intenzivna funkcija stanja, pritisak i temperatura, ili ekstenzivna funkcija stanja kao npr. molski udeo komponenti. Termodinamička ravnoteža je determinisana minimumom termodinamičkog potencijala.
Za sistem pri konstantnoj zapremini termodinamički potencijal ekvivalentan je Helmholcovoj slobodnoj energiji (engl. Helmholtz free energy):
- F = U – TS
Za sistem na konstantnom pritisku termodinamički potencijal ekvivalentan je Gibsovoj slobodnoj energiji (engl. Gibbs free energy):
- G = H – TS
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